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  • Principle and classification of fog

    Principle and classification of fog

    Principle and classification of fog   (1)principle   The principle of fog is called Sagnac effect in physics. In a closed light path, two beams of light from the same light source will be interfered when they are converged to the same detection point. If the closed light path has rotation relati...
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  • The working principle of directional coupler

    The working principle of directional coupler

    Directional couplers are standard microwave/millimeter wave components in microwave measurement and other microwave systems. They can be used for signal isolation, separation, and mixing, such as power monitoring, source output power stabilization, signal source isolation, transmission and refl...
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  • What’s EDFA Amplifier

    What’s EDFA Amplifier

    EDFA (Erbium-doped Fiber Amplifier), firstly invented in 1987 for commercial use, is the most deployed optical amplifier in the DWDM system that uses the Erbium-doped fiber as optical amplification medium to directly enhance the signals. It enables instantaneous amplification for signals with mul...
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  • The Smallest Visible Light Phase Modulator with The Lowest Power Is Born

    The Smallest Visible Light Phase Modulator with The Lowest Power Is Born

    In recent years, researchers from various countries have used integrated photonics to successively realize the manipulation of infrared light waves and apply them to high-speed 5G networks, chip sensors, and autonomous vehicles. At present, with the continuous deepening of this research direction...
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  • 42.7 Gbit/S Electro-Optic Modulator in Silicon Technology

    42.7 Gbit/S Electro-Optic Modulator in Silicon Technology

    One of the most important properties of an optical modulator is its modulation speed or bandwidth, which should be at least as fast as the available electronics. Transistors having transit frequencies well above 100 GHz have already been demonstrated in 90 nm silicon technology, and the speed wil...
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